Statutory Interpretation In Australia essays

Statutory Interpretation In Australia essays Statutory interpretation is where judges interpret the meanings of words in a statute to determine and classify if and how it will apply in similar or different cases. This statutory interpretation or judicial interpretation can be created and applied as judicial precedents for other cases. Judges are making laws when determining the words in an Act. Statutes need interpreting for a number of different reasons. Parliaments language in acts of parliament can be ambiguous and unclear. Many words in an act may need definitions and classifications. The interpretation of the statute helps to clarify the intention and words of the statute. An example of this is the SA Road Traffic Act in the case of R v McGuinness, which needed to be interpreted so that the word driving was clearly defined to clearly understand what the term driving involved. With changes in time and circumstance there is a change in societys values and attitudes and therefore their must be a change in the way statutes are interpreted. An example regarding the legislation on telephonic devices, is the wording other like services meant to include fax or digital photographs? This must be decided by statutory interpretation. Many meaning of words has changed from there past meanings and statutory interpretation is needed to explain exactly what the words mean and what the Act is intended for. It is also needed for ambiguities, when different words and meanings are used in Acts and Regulations were disputes are created. The complexity of the law in areas such as taxation law can be very complicated and cause disputes regarding the meaning of the legislation, statutory interpretation is required to solve this problem. It is needed to decide how words of an Act apply to a particular case. Parliamentary aids or guidance along with common law guidance is used when deciding the meaning of statutes and regulations. Pa...

How to Teach the Past Continuous to ESL Students

How to Teach the Past Continuous to ESL Students The main concept to relay when teaching the past continuous is the idea that the past continuous expresses an interrupted action. In other words, the past continuous speaks about what was going on when something important happened. The past continuous can be used by itself to express what happened at a precise moment in the past. However, the most common use is together with the past simple  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(when something happened). You might want to consider teaching the past simple together with the past continuous for intermediate level classes, as the past simple will be review for students. Introduction Start by speaking about what was interrupted. Describe an important past event and then fill in the details as a painter would fill in background details by using the past continuous form. This immediately illustrates the idea that the past continuous is used to set the context of what was happening at that moment in time. Id like to tell you about the day I met my wife. I was walking through the park, the birds were singing and it was raining just a little bit when I saw her! She was sitting on the bench and reading a book at that moment. Ill never be the same. This example is exaggerated for a reason. It boldly conveys the point. Continue introducing the past continuous by asking students simple questions in the past simple about events. Follow up these questions with a question asking what was happening when the event occurred. When did you leave home this morning - At nine oclock.What was your sister doing when you left home?Where did you meet your girlfriend? - At school.What were you doing when you met her? The next step in teaching the past continuous is to include simultaneous actions using while. Explain that while is used when two actions happen at the same time in the past. Its a good idea to point out the difference between while and during, to help avoid confusion. Practice Explaining the Past Continuous on the Board Use a past continuous timeline to illustrate interrupted action. Contrasting this timeline with the past continuous for something happening at a specific point in the past may help illustrate the difference between the two uses. Make sure that students understand the use of time clauses with when and while to help them use the past continuous in context. Comprehension Activities Comprehension activities such as using photos in magazines will help with the past continuous. In this case, make it clear to students that they are to describe the event in the past. You can model this by using a photo in a magazine to describe such an event. Dialogues beginning with What were you doing? will help students practice. A creative writing exercise on the past continuous will also help students build their ability to integrate the past continuous into more advanced structures. Challenges The single greatest challenge to learning the past continuous is deciding which action is the main event: in other words, which event interrupted the action in progress in the past moment in time? Other challenges can include the use of the past continuous to express an activity that happened over a period of time. Its crucial for students to understand that the past continuous describes a particular moment in time, and not a completed event. Here are examples of this type of issue: I was studying science yesterday.She was cooking dinner last night. In other words, the past continuous needs the context of another event when stopped the action in progress at the time.

Is CSR a myth a study of the sourcing strategies of the UK food Essay

Is CSR a myth a study of the sourcing strategies of the UK food retailers - Essay Example The study suggests that future marketing opportunities is in providing the consumers with products that deliver value and these should contain ethical social values. This is because the UK consumer is still ethically consciousness and is willing to pay the price for it. However, the retailers are quick to charge a premium while also passing on the burden of cost-effective sourcing to the suppliers. The retailers need to understand that to retain loyal customers they would need to take care of the concerns of the consumers. Some retailers have gone to the extent of selling most of the products in the region where it is produced. This enhances customer relationship and is also cost effective as the supply chains are shorter. Moreover chances of contamination increase in larger supply chains. Overall, the UK food retailers discharge their CSR only to a limited extent. They also adhere to the fair-trade norms to the extent that they have to fulfill the government regulations imposed upon them. They need to attend to the concerns of all the stakeholders and have to ensure that their sourcing is cost effective. Volume purchases at the international level fetches them this benefit. However, not all retailers follow this strategy and some have actually integrated CSR into their strategy not because of the benefits that it gives but because they recognize that they must give back something to the society.

Luftwaffe's Failure to Win the Battle of Britain Essay

Luftwaffe's Failure to Win the Battle of Britain - Essay Example Britain planned for German invasion called operation sea lion and this plan was to establish German air superiority over southern England and the English Channel, and aimed at attacking RAF and anything attached to it (Turner, 2010, p.38) resulting to the first world’s strategic bombing campaign and battle in the air, the battle of Britain. During the opening phase of the battle of Britain, the German planned to gain air superiority and this resulted to an attack by the Luftwaffe on the RAF fighter airfields named Eagle Day (Wyatt, 1940). Luftwaffe decided to attack British domestic shipping in the English Channel to draw out the RAF and suppress their fighting strength and even though the Germans made daily strikes against ship convoys, after sometime, Luftwaffe lost about 248 fighters and bombers to RAF’s 148 fighters lost and this encouraged RAF to fight on and win the battle (Wyatt, 1940). This essay presents an account for the for the Luftwaffe’s failure to win the battle of Britain. Â   About twenty years ago, Europe lay at Hitler’s feet and Britain faced its darkest hour as it was outnumbered and friendless as the German force continued its advance and this made them to see their defeat as being inevitable and their victory became legendary. RAF focused on shooting down all German planes from northern as well as eastern France (Clayton & Craig, 2011, p.18). RAF had the high-performance Hawker Hurricane and Super marine Spitfire fighters whereas the Luftwaffe's principal fighter planes were the Messerschmitt Bf109, the Messerschmitt Bf110, and numerous bombers Wyatt, 1940). The Luftwaffe failed to win the battle because they failed to destroy the air defences of Britain to enable them launch an invasion- Operation Sea Lion, and they as well failed to bomb Britain into surrender since RAF had a well-established and effective spitfire and hurricanes controlled by advanced radar system and this prevented Luftwaffe from emerging v ictorious. Luftwaffe focused on using air campaign to threaten Britain and this campaign was aimed weakening RAF in order to make Britain vulnerable to attack from the air, and to fulfil the basic precondition of invasion by establishing air superiority over the invasion of the South East England (Bungay, 2010, p.27). At the beginning of the battle, Luftwaffe focused on attacking shipping in the English Channel as well as coastal towns but later on, Goering changed his focus to completely destroy RAF, by attacking airfields and their radar bases. When the battle commenced RAF had less than 500 aircraft that were not capable of reaching German territory and therefore, the British preparations was based on avoiding defeat and conquest (Overy,2010, p.6-7). Many factors can explain the Luftwaffe’s failure to win the battle of Britain and many scholars have contributed largely in providing an explanation of the air battle and how the air campaign was developed. Firstly, German pla nes were constructed and designed for short distance tactical tricks and local air superiority, they lacked heavy bombers (Wyatt, 1940), and they lacked quality fighters with the fuel endurance to act as escorts to the bombers they had. Germany lacked long-range bombers and was not able to field its first strategic bomber during the battle (Correll, 2008). On the contrary, Britain had a much more experienced and better equipped fighting force and generally, RAF was strong and massively outnumbered German forces. Accordingly, more and better British fighters were available and ready to help RAF during the battle

Essay examples --

Health, Safety and Welfare The Safety, Health and Welfare Act of 2005 came into operation on 1st September 2005. The Safety, Health Authority is a state-sponsored body under the Department of Enterprise. The trade and employment would have the overall responsibility for the administrate side of things and enforcing the Health and Safety in the workplace. There are all protected by law. Therefore the employer must ensure a safe work environment. The work place must have a documented specifics regarding buildings for the safety inspectors on request. These places must have signage in place for the employers safety and these regulation must be carried out. Bullying in the workplace is another health and safety issue that can be challenged under the Safety, Health and Welfare at work Act 2005. The Act applies to all employers and employees both temporary, full time and self employed people in their workplace. The Acts sets out the rights and obligation of both employers and employees and as a result heav y fines and penalties for breaches of the Health and safety legislation. Both employer and employee have duties to here by in the Health and Safety Act 2007. Employers is required to carry out a risk assessment which should identify any hazards that present them selfs in the work place. The employer should also carry out an assessment in relation to pregnant employees. The employer is obliged to report any accident that results in an employee missing 3 consecutive days at work which do not include the day of accident. Protective equipment are available on site for all employees. Employment Equality Employers are legally obliged to abide to the existing equality legislation when hiring and employing staff whether full tim... ...ce Industrial, Professional and Technical union. The most common fought problem with wages. Regulations related to pay A system was set up to determine what the minimum wage would be. Each country set their own minimum wages laws as see fit. The current is â‚ ¬8.65 an hour in Ireland on July 2007. There is a minimum rate for the first year of a job is â‚ ¬6.92 per hour. On request employees are entitled to a written statement setting out their reckonable pay, working hours, average hourly rate of pay entitlement under the Act. This wage may only be paid either weekly or monthly with agreement of employer and employee. The National minimum wage act 2000 sets the minimum rate for all experienced adult employees. The payment of wages Act gives every employee in Ireland a right to a payslip showing the employees gross wages and any details of overtime or deductions.

Agamemnon vs Hamlet Essay

I think that Hamlet was more tragic in comparison to Agamemnon. The reason being is because in Hamlet Claudius is driven to kill his own brother, King Hamlet, just so he can marry his own sister-in-law. Hamlet is plotting to kill his own uncle and is speaks of his own mother in a hateful manner e:g Within a month, Ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears Had left the flushing in her gallà ¨d eyes, She married. O most wicked speed, to post With such dexterity to incestuous sheets! A son is talking about her own mother like this and at the same time he has lost hope in life. Hamlet claims that he wants to die, if only suicide wasn’t forbidden by God. Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew, Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! So from the beginning of the play the protagonist is in a pitiful state. This was not the case with the protagonist of Agamemnon. In Hamlet the protagonist was driven to avenge his own father death and in the process ended up killing 4 innocent person. His own love of his live Ophelia, and mom, Queen Gertrude was killed by the poisonous drink which was meant for Hamlet. Ophelia’s father and brother ended up dead. In Agamemnon only two innocent lives were lost, Cassandra and Iphigenia. In my opinion i think Agamemnon deserved his tragic end. He had made many mistakes, he abused Clytemnestra then killed his husband and married her, then after sacrificed his own daughter. Aristotle definition of tragedy consist of 4 parts. It involves someone of higher standing. This protagonist makes an error in judgement. This error results in suffering for the person. This suffering causes pity or fear in the audience. Agamemnon and Hamlet both have high status. They are both from a royal family. Agamemnon makes and error in assuming that his wife is still in love with him and his trusts her, even though he was told by his people that his wife is cheating on him, but he didn’t get the implication. Resulting in his own end and Cassandra’s. In Hamlet, Hamlet makes a mistake by killing Polonius, assuming that he was striking the king with his sword. Which results in the king turning against Hamlet and sends and order to the king of England to execute Hamlet. I didn’t feel and pity for Agamemnon but on the other hand i felt pity and fear for Hamlet. I feared how he might not end up marring the love of his life Ophelia. I felt pity for Hamlet when his mother wont trust him when he was trying to expose his uncle.

Technology And Its Effect On Design Of Product, Human...

Human is different from other animal. There is apparent mental gap between of them such as â€Å"emotion, attention, memory, and abstraction in animal and humans† (). It means human beings can express their think and feeling through speak to other. Through people’s thinking, they invent the technology. New things bring newer things that the developed technology has improved well throughout the years that human is living in an age of rapid technological advances. In fact, technology has been an important role in human life. People who are living in the current generation are effected the technology in everyday life and for the future (Castells, 2015) as technology develops. It is true new developed technology provide for quality of human lives;†¦show more content†¦Playing kinds gun game, after they are confused the reality. Since, it is looks similar to real that from children to adults are confused. Despite of the fact that technology improves good quality of visual design, it also brings negative effects on the design. People rely on new technology that bring negative effects. As human lives continue to depend on technology, people are staying in their house without any movement. It influences human body that increasing overweight problem. Human should exercise and makes their muesli to work. If a person does not move their body nor less physical activity, the person’s body will get weaker than who work out. Even most of people know about this theory, nowadays people are not able to live without technology. For example, 90% of people get anxiety and panic from their small device of phone (). It shows people could not leave away from the technology for a minute. In the past, when people want to present to other person, they should use their hand to write something for the presenting. But after computer was invented, all most of people use their computer to write a long essay or project in a moment. As a result, human can work in many hours without using hand be in a pain. However, the compute r makes younger generation to failure of their memory. Compare to the past, children prefer to staying home and watch TV or play game that technology created a distraction when they want toShow MoreRelatedOday, Graphic Design Has Taken Over The Entire World. â€Å"In1062 Words   |  5 Pagesgraphic design has taken over the entire world. â€Å"In recent years, design has become an international phenomenon affecting an increasing number of countries from the developing world and designers play a major role in the process of cultural and sustainable development† (Sasaki, Sali). Some may think it’s just a simple color or a logo, but it’s not just that. It’s a way of persuasion. Graphic designers alter the way an individual goes about their daily life. Most don’t realize the effects that designRead MoreThe Change in Societys Attitudes towards Technology1376 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Technology is a contemporary artefact, which is constantly evolving in our modern day world. There has been an increase of companies appointed to sell innovative technology to hungry consumers. Apple, a multi- billion-dollar industry has contributed largely to the reconstructed views society has placed on technology. Doing so by crafting a range of products, such as mobile phones, desktop computers, laptops, tablets and portable music devices that are each ingenious, practical, andRead MoreEnvironmental Impact On The Environmental Crisis1675 Words   |  7 Pages1.1.3 Ecological Design: The evident response to the environmental crisis One natural response to the current crisis and the shift in designers’ discourse has been the engagement in Ecological Design, or Eco-design, described by Orr (2002) as a large concept that joins science and the practical arts with ethics, politics, and economics that, requires â€Å"not just a set of generic design skills but rather the collective intelligence of a community of people applied to particular problems in a particularRead MoreEssay on Dieter Rams Ten Principles of Good Design1510 Words   |  7 Pagesof good design and the article Dieter Rams on good design as a key business advantage Good design according to my understanding so far is all about human-centred design that is, designing to meet particular needs of people in the society. Therefore, any design that does not satisfy people’s needs no matter how beautiful it may look is not a good design. After reading Dieter Rams’ ten principles of good design, some of them where things I could relate to my understanding of good design but othersRead MoreThe Horizon s Setting 2020 Strategy1732 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent two years, specifically inside of the European Commission s Science in Society program, in the Horizon s setting 2020 Strategy. We give a brief verifiable diagram of the idea, and distinguish three particular components that are rising up out of related talks. The principal is an accentuation on the equitable administration of the reasons of exploration and advancement and their introduction towards the right effects . The second is responsiveness, underscoring the joining and regulation ofRead MoreEssay Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is a knowledge of using tools and machines to do tasks more efficiently. We use technology to control the world we live in. Since the art of making fire and creating handcrafted tools, our civilization has come a long way. Science and Technology are making advances at an astonishing rate. From telephones to the Internet, calculators to computers, cars to rockets and satellites, we are part of a new world of discoveries and inventions made possible by Science. Fields like Medicine andRead MoreSustainable Design: Advantages of Going Green1347 Words   |  5 PagesIn the international business arena, particularly as a result of globalization, multinational corporations are beginning to understand that being green or ecologically minded, is not simply for environmentalists. By supporting sustainability, many organizations hope not only to reduce their carbon footprint but also to attract younger people who pre fer to work for environmentally and socially responsible organizations. This spills off into personal decisions as well, but includes a different philosophicalRead MoreArtificial Intelligence In Technology1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The increasing use of artificial intelligence in technology will transform our societies for the worse.† Module: FC-503 Tutor Name: Assessment type: Essay Student Number: T0061516 Word Count: The theme of the 2017 Summer Davos meeting was about the fourth revolution of science and technology and artificial intelligence was undoubtedly one of the main topics discussed by people. From driving interactive voice with nobody to Alphago defeat the invincible chess champion Ke Jie (GibneyRead MoreEthics of Genetic Engineering Essay637 Words   |  3 Pagesworkplaces, and homes. And I personally believe it should never take place. First of all, who are we to be playing God? Since when have we decided that natures role in our lives becomes invalid just because we now have the technology to change it. You may be thinking that humans have been playing God since the beginning, but that just isnt so. In fact, recently we have tried to tweak natures creation by such practices as life support systems and medications for terminal diseases. But prolongingRead MoreAnalysis Of Tristan Harris s How Technology Has People s Minds- From A Magician And Google s Design Ethicist1614 Words   |  7 Pages Tristan Harris’s How Technology Hijacks People’s Minds- from a Magician and Google’s Design Ethicist published on May 18th, 2016 shows how specific rhetorical techniques develop purpose. Harris graduated from Stanford University in 2006 with a Bachelor of Science, a Master of Science, and Bachelor of Computer Science. â€Å"Harris focused on Human Computer Interaction, while dabbling in behavioral e conomics, social psychology, behavior change and habit formation â€Å" (website 1) â€Å"Working for google