Hiv Ethical Dilemma Essay

Hypothetical HIV case The case related to a diagnosed HIV client who sees a psychologist for psycho-education and psychological support following the diagnosis of his condition. In discussing it becomes apparent that the client is reluctant in telling his partner or practicing protective sex. The client is angry and indicated that he even considers deliberately infecting other potential partners. Dilemma 1) Reluctance to advise partner The organisation reasonably believes that the use or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent: (i) a serious and imminent threat to an individual’s life, health or safety; or (ii) a serious threat to public health or public safety; or (f) the organisation has reason to suspect that unlawful activity has been, is being or may be engaged in, and uses or discloses the personal information as a necessary part of its investigation of the matter or in reporting its concerns to relevant persons or authorities; or ACTION Taken: All six points including reporting client to Police for taking further action

Mr fdgsdyusdtgfujer

Provide a rational for a promotional campaign. MM Explain the rationale for the campaign you have just created such as why you chose that specific promotional mix, timing, cost, media mix etc and why it is expected to achieve its goals. For this task you are required to explain and Justify why you have created your campaign (for Task UP) as you have. I suggest you do this one factor at a time*. Your response should be written in sentences and paragraphs. Factor Justify its use Promotional Mix Why have you chosen the specific type of promotion that you have?What are Its advantages over other types of promotion? Do you foresee any problems of using this type of promotion? How can these be overcome? Timing Why have chosen the specific times for your campaign/promotion? Why is this time most appropriate? What other times did you consider? Why were these discounted? Media Mix Why have you chosen the specific forms of media will be used within your campaign? Why Is this? What forms of medi a were considered but discounted? Why were they discounted? Budget Justify the cost of your campaign – why does it cost what it does? Could these costs be reduced?The advert is trying Your next paragraph with demonstration analysis. This will be the flirt half of your analysis that will focus on the success of the campaign (Analysis +). You will need to research how the campaign might have helped the business achieve its aims. Image, profits, sales etc? For each ‘success' you may wish to use PEE (Point, Evidence, Explain). The campaign has helped this business In many ways. 1 OFF their aims by†¦. Another way that it has helped the business is This has helped them achieve their aims by†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The third paragraph will also be analysis.However here you will focus on any repacks of the campaign (Analysis -). Again, we will need to research this using the internet any negatives that might be associated with the advert. Image, profits, sales etc? For each à ¢â‚¬Ëœdrawback you may wish to use PEE (Point, Evidence, Explain). Unfortunately the campaign also caused some drawbacks. The first drawback caused was†¦ PEE.. This may have prevented them from achieving their aims by†¦.. The second drawback caused was†¦ PEE†¦. This may have prevented them from achieving their aims by†¦.. Your final paragraph will be a support Judgment – your evaluation.From your all of our research and the analysis you have completed was the campaign a success or failure overall? How much of a success or failure? Why? Use the word ‘because' to back up and Justify any Judgments you make. Overall I have found that the campaign was a success/failure. The first reason for this Furthermore†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Because, because, because†¦.!! Make sure you apply your answer directly to your business and the campaign you have chosen. Use words like moreover, firstly, secondly, furthermore, to compare, I have found, in contrast, to conclude, to summaries, as my research shows†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ If you are uncertain, please see Mr. Quarto.

Planning, policy and financing of healthcare Research Paper

Planning, policy and financing of healthcare - Research Paper Example A system of monopoly in the provision of health insurance was therefore shifted from Daman, which was the largest player in the UAE healthcare insurance markets to a mix of regional, local, and international players. The shift has yielded positive results since today all people are covered by the mandatory health insurance. Transparency in healthcare funding has also been achieved creating a pathway for sound decisions in healthcare. However, there have been a number of challenges since the public-private partnership created a dominant player in the healthcare market. All in all, Abu Dhabi has set a good example that can be emulated by other cities and nations wishing to make reforms in health care access. Abu Dhabi is a city that has experienced rapid economic growth in the last two decades. Despite being the wealthiest and biggest city among cities in the United Arab Emirates, the government of Abu Dhabi faced a number of challenges. The first challenge was individual’s lack of significant access to healthcare; the city of Abu Dhabi comprises of high, middle and low income earners who are the majority. Given the meager amounts of salaries made by low income earners, access to good healthcare was a challenge. Secondly, government funded healthcare in Abu Dhabi lacked transparency. Consequently, medical services in public health facilities were perceived to be worse compared to services in private facilities. In order to get services in public health facilities, long waiting times were involved. Finally, there was overreliance of healthcare on public funding, whereas the burden could have been easier, if employers in Abu Dhabi helped in providing healthcare to workers. Administrative reform in healthcare in Abu Dhabi was initiated in 2005 when the Abu Dhabi health insurance law was passed. In 2006, by-laws associated with the Abu Dhabi health insurance law were enacted. According to the by-laws, every employer in Abu Dhabi was obligated to

Analysis of the Movie Crash Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of the Crash - Movie Review Example In the movie, the white undercover cop shot the black undercover counterpart and it is revealed that he had gunned down two other black men in the past, which is a pointer towards his hatred of black people. racism gets to its peak when the advisor of the District Attorney together with the black detective get busy at making sure the white cop is incarcerated and charged with racism without even conducting an investigation into the matter and giving the white cop a chance to defend himself. Racism can affect the society significantly if allowed to thrive. It curtails harmonious living among people of different racial backgrounds. Racism also leads to inequality in resource distribution, where the â€Å"superior† race receives a larger share of the national cake than other races. This breeds animosity between races. Also, racism does not allow all citizens to contribute to the societal building because it promotes a group to feel superior to others, which jeopardizes the chances of working together to better the society. Finally, racism is a killer of morality in the society. It perpetuates moral decadence through stereotyping and prejudice among society  members.

Module 8 DQ 1 and 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 8 DQ 1 and 2 - Assignment Example Particularly, when one knows how to carry out critical appraisal on interval variables, translating the research results and findings into practice becomes possible. For instance, when determining the relationship between temperature and effective treatment, the use of internal variables may come in handy. A physician who is thorough in research studies will for instance know that a temperature of 0.0 on the two sides of the scales must not be misconstrued to mean the absence of temperature, just as a PH of 0.0 will not mean the absence of acidity. The determination of the PH and temperature is very sacrosanct to the provision of healthcare services. The same use of statistical provisions as part of the EBR in medical services provision heavily relies on the concept of statistical significance. By being able to appreciate the importance of significance level, the director of the nursing department will be able to correctly decide whether to discard research findings as false, or to implement them as true. For instance, a statistical significance of .95 will compel the director of the Federal Qualified Healthcare Center, nursing department, to adopt research findings of an inquiry on the relationship between inpatient admission and patient satisfaction. Throughout the course, the connection between the use of research and efficiency in the administration of healthcare services is maintained, and thereby helping the learner appreciate the nexus between EBR and patient-centered medical programs. The term informed consent is a legal jargon applicable in many fields including healthcare. The fundamentals that must be thought out when invoking informed consent from the patient are competency, benefits, risks and details. According to Hahn and Collier (2010), competency demands that the patient should have a mind that is at least able to comprehend the details, benefits and the risks that will accompany a specific form of medical intervention. Likewise,

Explain what managing human resources means Essay

Explain what managing human resources means - Essay Example ty of employees ensures that an organization has diverse and has a useful knowledge base to ensure that the company puts a competitive edge to her competitors. Diversity in an organization can be achieved by ensuring that the employees and other staff working within and throughout an organization are a representation of the wider society. Human resource management (HRM) is the unit within an organization that deals with the workforce. It can be said to be the process of managing the workforce of an organization. It provides guidelines on how people are to work. An effective HRM ensure that the workforce is effective and productive for the overall accomplishment of the objective and goals of an organization (Bell, 2011 p. 30). It helps in full utilization of employees through a comprehensive and strategic management of the people as well as the working environment. An organization relies on good HRM to have a strong and effective team of employees. HRM aims at ensuring that the company remains loyal to the employees by making them feel the job there are doing is part of their personal life. Research has shown that HRM is the heartbeat of any organization; over eighty percent of the company success is attributed from the activities and skills of human resources. These activities include how the company attracts employe es, how it trains and develops them and finally how effective is it in retaining the quality workforce. HRM helps the organization create a good environment for employees to work in as well as ensure there is respect and dignity between employer and employees. The main responsibility of HRM in an organization whether small or large corporate bodies is the welfare of the workforce. It must ensure that there is relatively low turnover of employees as this make the company waste a lot of resources ad can even lead to stagnated growth in case of a technical organization. It inspires and motivates employees to reduce turnover. This could be through

'civilization and its discontent, Sigmund Freud Essay

'civilization and its discontent, Sigmund Freud - Essay Example Freud was controversial and influential and in â€Å"civilization and its discontent†, Freud explicitly argues that humankind is violent and cites different terrible instances that suggest part of humankind is violent and he refers to it as â€Å"the inclination toward aggression†. Freud suggests that humans were never meant to be happy because what is often referred to as happiness comes from satisfaction of needs, which are currently complex therefore from this nature is possible as episodes. However, in â€Å"Civilization and its Discontents† Freud emphasized the social role of superego in preserving social order by preventing and turning individual aggression against the society which result in increased discontent with civilization. Though Freud has less to say regarding the common defense against guilt; he manages to show that instead of being victims of sadistic superego people become its agent in the name of ideals, laws and ethics. According to Freud (p. 66), conscience is one of the three functions of superego; however, Thrasymachus, the sophist, promotes doing away with justice as well as all moral standards when he breaks into the discussion angrily claiming to offer better definition of justice. Thrasymachus considers justice to be merely an advantage for the strong even though he considers his definition to be not the real definition of justice because it is de-legitimization of justice since he believes that it is not rewarding to be just. Thrasymachus believes that just behavior works for the benefit of other individuals and not the individual who behaves justly; therefore, he considers justice to be the unnatural restraint on people’s desire to have more. Hence, to Thrasymachus justice is a principle forced on people and does not benefit them to adhere to it so the rational thing is to ignore it entirely. Nevertheless, this view of Thrasymachus promotes injustice as a virtue because the perception of life from this vi ew is that life is a continuous competition for more money, power among others and individuals who possess much in the struggle have the greatest virtue. As the discussion progresses, its burden shifts from the challenge of defining justice to defining justice in a way that is proven and worthwhile. In â€Å"The Republic† Socrates tackles the challenge of describing justice and injustice throughout the discussion (Lear 186). Nevertheless, Thrasymachus manages to show that justice is never universally presumed to be valuable because there are individuals who this it better to look out for their interests instead of following rules. Thrasymachus claim points down to general sophistic moral concept that norms and mores considered just are mere conventions that hinder individuals who adhere to them while benefitting those who flout them. Thrasymachus does not only make assertions that norms of justice are conventions but also claims that the norms are conventions promoted by rule rs for their interests and keeping the subjects in oppression. In countering Thrasymachus claim, Socrates has various arguments against Thrasymachus claim the first argument involves making Thrasymachus admit that he advanced injustice as a virtue where life is a competition. Socrates also launches another long and complex chain of reasoning that results in him concluding that injustice can never be a virtue since it remains contrary to the virtue of wisdom. Injustice goes against wisdom since wise men like men skilled in some art do not seek to thrash out those that possess similar skills in the same art; as well, mathematicians are never in constant competition with each other. Socrates moves to another argument from the understanding that justice involves adherence to certain rules that enable similar

Marketing Performance Report - CUERO Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Performance Report - CUERO Ltd - Essay Example He had been successful in creating a brand identity for different product lines such as Leathercraft, Ritz and Savoy, also changing name of the shops to ‘Shoeshop’ after purchasing them from the Dent Group. Earlier, Wood had a market niche for only two types of foot wears, the hand-crafted men’s shoes and boots of quality construction for commercial usage but when he saw an opportunity to diversify and cater to other market areas, he grabbed the chance of acquiring 60 independent shops of the Dent Group to cover wider areas for the sale of his company shoes. All the shops sold by the Dent Group were located at premium sites in 60 different towns and cities. This was a huge marketing strategy initiative on the part of Frank Wood to expand business (Case Study). It is very interesting to acknowledge that the company did not run any advertisement initiatives for marketing of the foot wears manufactured at the in-house facility in the mid-twenties. It achieved customer recognition on tradition, location and branding. The company made use of only selective marketing tools; it did not indulge in direct marketing as a promotional strategy. Generally, companies follow an integrated marketing strategy (IMS) for improving customer focus. IMS promotes the sale of goods and services through internal marketing, print media and other levels of integration such as Horizontal, Vertical, Internal, External and Data integration (MMC 2009). CUERO Ltd. in stead relied on one major acquisition of all stores of a popular brand, leveraging from the bargain financially and changing the brand name of the acquired shops to ‘Shoeshop’. CUERO Ltd. relied on its own sales stores in stead of developing a public relations strategy. Sales stores located on premium shopping locations by its brand name through a network of its own sales and marketing teams in 60 small and big towns did the marketing and promotion function (Case Study). CUERO diversified its manufacturing of shoes into children’s segment of customers long time back, thus, capturing a huge potential of the children’s shoes market. It helped greatly in earning huge profit margins as it opened another manufacturing plant to cater to the newly acquired niche area of children’s shoes. Till 1990, the company performed very well even amidst non-conducive market environment prevailed upon from the opening of super markets, contraction in the UK shoe manufacturing industry, sourcing of foot wears from outside and changing trends in foot wear industry. Competitive rivalry was also ignored because of the sound financial position of the company (Case Study). Marketing functions were controlled centrally from the Head Office, managed with the help of limited staff including one marketing manager, three merchandisers, four product managers, three sales people, one resource to deal with advertising and two support staff. For any other competitive firm, this strength of marketing team could have been insufficient but CUERO managed on the previously earned reputation, as the bosses wanted the staff to strictly tow the traditional line (Case Study) Pricing policy was rigid as merchandisers added the fixed and pre-settled ratio of profit on the actual cost of foot wear irrespective of the market dynamics. Innovation was rarely allowed to the merchandisers; all innovation was limited and tailored to back up the product design inside the factory premises only. The promotional tool, thus, was not fully exploited by the company. Good thing was that market analysis was done statistically on product style, colour and price to get first-hand information of the market trends but it was unfortunate that the gathered data was not us ed intelligently on the name of following traditions of the company. No leverage could be achieved from the gathered information

Speaking in Gods Name -Islamic Law, Authority and Women Essay

Speaking in Gods Name -Islamic Law, Authority and Women - Essay Example Apparently, one unspoken approach perceived by the author was that of a participant in a continuing conversation. On the other hand, a rational reader may take the words to mean as it was written regardless of how others may think about it (Abou El-Fadl 2). Various religious denominations and sects like Judaism, Christianity and Islam have their independent views on the idea of nineteen (19) angels guarding the portals of hell. But, the author maintains the questioning sense of how the passage could be interpreted and understood to spur critical thinking (Abou El-Fadl 2). Nevertheless, with due respect, current Islamic legal systems have seemingly adopted more of what the prophet of Islam provided in the Hadith than what Allah has provided in the Qur’an. Having two famous books, the Hadith and the Qur’an led many followers in the 21st century a question, which of the two is binding and which is not from the point of view of legitimacy (Abou El-Fadl 2). For example, a lot of sources revealed repression of Muslim women in many different forms took place as a result of bias in implementing guidelines because of the seeming confusion on whether to follow the Qur’an or the Hadith (Abou El-Fadl 3). The author proposed the use of the Qur’an as a legal basis for dealing with women because obviously, the Qur’an is more supportive of women than the Hadith. Besides, interpretations must be limited to the 21st-century setting to cope with the evolution of people which is clearly according to the will of Allah. On the other hand, this would greatly bridge the divide among believers, men and women.  Ã‚  

Management Skills Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Skills - Personal Statement Example Promotion. Promotional activities include advertising, direct marketing or personal selling, sales promotion, public relations. Based on my personal strengths as well as interests, I am planning to take up a role of junior manager, advertising. Advertising is a mean through which the goods and services produced by an organization are promoted to the target market of the organization. (Petley, 2003). As such advertisement therefore, encompass many activities which combine together to form an effective promotional message therefore, considering its strategic nature and my personal strengths and ambitions, I would aim at becoming the junior manager-advertising in an organization of high repute. Based on the research conducted, following job description is outlined for a Junior Manager- Advertising: (job-descriptions.org, 2008) I am attracted to this job because I am currently pursuing a degree in business education besides I consider myself as an easy going person who can easily communicate with others. I consider myself as a person who likes to meet people and exchange ideas and have the ability to understand the perceptions held by different people in different contexts. Further, this job is also attractive to me because I am creative and have developed an aesthetic sense of appreciating different ideas and works of art. My immedi My immediate concern therefore would be to learn the tricks of the trade under the guidance of those who have already achieved a certain stature in the field. This job therefore will provide me an opportunity to do what I love to do most as I shall be engaged not only with the creative work but also grow myself as a successful manager and a leader over the period of time. Apart from this, I also visualize myself grow to a position where I may develop myself as one of the most creative and successful advertising guru of all

Rubicam’s Business College Essay Example for Free

Rubicam’s Business College Essay LAURA: At home†¦ my prized possession was my glass menagerie. [she smiles faintly at the memory] My favourite was the unicorn. However†¦ it broke. I brought the horn here with me. The other part†¦ is with a man. BLANCHE: [she raises her hands in exasperation] Hah! Men! Terrible, hulking brutes most of them are. Especially those Polacks. What was it Wilde said? â€Å"Women are a decorative sex! † If I am to have any chance of happiness I must be innocent, attractive and, most of all, youthful! [Slight polka music can be heard in the distance. ] LAURA: Funny, that sounds like what my mother used to say†¦ Girls are a pretty trap! Screen Image – Amanda Wingfield BLANCHE: [she has a distant look in her eyes as she contemplates the various men that have become part of her past] Yes dear, they are. And don’t you forget it when you’ve still got time. This man who has the unicorn – is he your husband? Boyfriend? LAURA: [getting progressively quieter] In high school Jim was the only one that ever spoke to me. Then he turned up at the house and he†¦ he†¦ kissed me. Of course, he never really liked a cripple like me. He was engaged†¦ [fighting back tears. ] Screen legend – the day at the amusement park BLANCHE: Typical! I too have had my fair share of shocking dates. In New Orleans I met a gentleman named Mitch. [she begins to talk quickly, as if she were addressing herself] I accompanied him to the amusement park on Lake Pontchartrain, a rather dismal place more suited to easily-amused children. However, this was my first date with a gentleman since†¦ since†¦ forever! I could absolutely not afford to mess this one up. [giggly pause] I was as giddy as a schoolgirl courting behind the bicycle shack – not that I would have engaged in such activity, absolutely not – although I fear dear Mitch saw through my facade. I did try. I tried so very hard. I even pretended I was pleased with that ghastly plaster statuette of Mae West. The erogenous nature of her films draws up memories of a past I wish to forget! [the polka music increases in volume and tempo. ] LAURA: [not following] Oh, I see†¦ BLANCHE: Every time I look at a man all I can think of is my dear Allen! I ended up telling Mitch about my past, my marriage, when I was just a girl. It was as if Mitch crashed through the invisible barrier I strived for so long to erect. It just tumbled out! They were words I had desired to tell someone for so long. They had been entombed inside of me for so long it was as if they had gone stale, distasteful even! Even as he embraced me†¦ all I could envisage†¦ was Allan’s desperate touch! [she dramatically outstretches her arms towards an invisible point] Oh Allan, forgive me! [In her fervour BLANCHE knocks over the ketchup bottle, its crimson innards spilling onto her lap. She frantically dabs at it with a serviette, but to no avail. Her white dress has been permanently tarnished, the bloody hue of the condiment combining with the once wholesome dress. ] BLANCHE: [returning to reality with a jolt] Would you look at that mess! What will ever become of us? LAURA: [visibly shaken, but speaking with determination] We can’t let little things like this ruin our lives†¦ When I get discharged I’ll go back to Rubicam’s Business College. Yes, I will! BLANCHE: [she clutches LAURA by the shoulders] You can say that, you’re still young! What hope is there for an old maid like me? [The polka music and The Glass Menagerie combine austerely in the minds of the patients. An unholy union, two entities that never should have met. ] LAURA: [jumping up from her chair, repulsed at being touched] I-I think I’m done here! [in her haste to vacate the table she knocks her plate to the floor, where it duly shatters into countless pieces that dance across the floor. The light reflects off the porcelain pieces, framing LAURA in an impromptu spotlight. The breaking noise is audible over the tumultuous din of the room. Many diners turn to look at the spectacle. ] LAURA: [in a tone of utter despair, covering her face with her hands] No†¦ Stop staring†¦! I’m going to be sick! [Exit LAURA, who runs away from the scene. The cafeteria soon returns to its natural state, having forgotten that Laura Wingfield ever existed. ] BLANCHE: Shakespeare got it right! ‘Alas, I am a woman friendless, hopeless! ’ There is truly no hope for some people in this world! [the sound of the door slamming behind Laura as she flees is audible as the light gradually fades out. ]

Organizational Culture Of Dominos Pizza Commerce Essay

Organizational Culture Of Dominos Pizza Commerce Essay I have chosen the DOMINOS PIZZA as a business. The reason why I have chosen this business because it is famous all over the world. I have went many different branches , and taste the delicious spicy food. I have been worked their six months , so I known these areas well, as well as knowledge regarding my work place. It is also an education provided business with good quality of food and service. Therefore it is an ideal business to choose report writing. INTRODUCTION OF DOMINOS PIZZA: DOMINOS PIZZA is an international pizza delivery corporation . It is the second largest chain in the United States. Its headquarters is in , Ann Arbor , Michigan United States. Dominos has 60 international markets . Moreover it also has 9000 corporate and franchised stores . In 1998 dominos pizza was sold to Bain capital and finally went in the year 2004 MAIN FEATURES OF DOMINOS PIZZA ARE : Pizza Pasta Wings Salads Cheese sticks Variety of desserts items SERVICES : Home delivery Lobby Take away HISTORY OF DOMINOS PIZZA : Famous person , tom monaghan and his brother , James purchased Dominicks a small pizza store at Michigan in the year 1960. But after eights months later , James also traded his half business to tom for beetle. Finally he named the business Dominos Pizza .Inc. in 1965. The logo for the company planned with the new dots to each store. Slowly and steadily Dominos experienced rapid growth . finally at last 200th store opened by franchise. Franchise also opened their website www.dominos.com which help the customers to book their orders online. Todays it Dominos has spread through at all world and it is quite famous now a days at all levels. COMMUNICATION IN DOMINOS : This business is completely depending on communication. People working there as a group and every one communicates with each other. Main purpose of communication is to send a message by sender to receiver and get feedback from receiver. The staff of Dominos use email, notice board, posters, and pamphlets for communication. For example:-if any information needs to pass all team members a notice will clipped with notice board and it can be send by e-mail.so this also a way of communication. QUALITY: DOMINOSs have date; time in all areas of the restaurant to ensure that entire product from raw to cook is of the highest standard. Date, time are checked regularly by staff whether product from chillers, production bins or front counter. So we can say they provide quality to the customers. SERVICE : As well as hot, fresh product delivered accurately and in a timely manner, customers expect impressive service. Dominos says about customers treat them as they expected to be treated, greet them in warm, friendly manner and always have smile on staffs face. FINDINGS : ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE: Culture is about activities of a people like how they great to other. Its a multicultural organization .In Dominos the employees are from different Culture and different countries so its multicultural organization. I think its a need of the workplace because some time face different culture people for communication. As we know Newzealand is a place where people come from different part of the world. So for development a business in Newzealand we need different cultural employees, who can communicate with different cultural people and it helps to the business. Dominos also teach their employees about social ethics, professional ethics, and individual ethics. In Dominoss we learn lot from knowledge and experience during communication with our higher level like if a crew person communicate with restaurant manager he directly affected by way of communication of restaurant manager because restaurant manager know how to communicate. Organizational GOAL The goals of Dominos are as follows:- 1. Dominos vision is to be the worlds best Quick service restaurants experience. 2. Dominos is committed to maintaining and developing the best food products in the quick service restaurant market. 3. In order to deliver this, the company has made a number of commitments to food safety and nutrition. 4. Lead the quick service restaurant market by a program of site development and , profitable restaurant openings, and by attracting new customers. Increasing sales through promotions will enable them to continue their program of expansion. Business Demographics I want to give an example of myself about knowledge and experience in that organisation when i given an interview for this organisation the selection committee didnt ask me about any past experience i learned all from workplace by training, communication with the other staff of the organisation. Training period teach more everyone in Dominos. Seniors always shared their knowledge with juniors, which is very helpful for juniors. 1. Crew Trainer Crew trainer is person who trains the crew member and give his experience and basic knowledge of workplace to the crew person. So trainer gives the basic knowledge like how to make burgers, how to clean workplace etc. 2. Managers The number of managers depends on capacity of Dominos as how much busy it is. After passing crew training stage crew become crew trainer and he will be able to give training to other trainees. Therefore training manager is a person who teaches next lesson to crew trainers. He also shares his knowledge and experience with trainees. 3. Organisations Manager He is the person who has all responsibilities of restaurants like in our group there are five restaurants he is the big boss of all restaurants. He is most experienced person in the restaurant and he had all knowledge about restaurants. Group Dynamics As i explained about team of Dominos where i am working is from different culture like some of them are from India, some of them are from Philippines and some of them are from Fiji, Samoa. So its a big thing to communicate each person with each other. The communication is main thing which attach them each other and make them work as a group. The communications in organisation develop and improve communication skills of employees because this workplace is all based on communication. For example when a crew member or manager taking order from the counter he have to speak English and listen English so it can develop both speaking and listening of the crew or manager. Crew and Manager make a team for any organisation so its away which develop whole team. Meeting Management In management meetings communication process should be clear, professionally, logically. Professionally The communication which we use in meetings of organisation related to our profession. Clear Communication should be clear which make good sense for listener. Logical Communication should be logic full or related to the matter which actually we want discuss in meeting. Purpose The purpose of communication should clear for all the meeting attainders. Stakeholders : In stakeholders we can include internal and external factors which are affected by organisation like employees, distributors, Govt. Media etc. The chosen organisation by me communicates with all stakeholders those individually related to organisation by excellent way. Networks : The organisation is connected with internet for everyone and they use emails, letters, posters and other advertising material to connect with people. The internal network of the organisation is connected by LAN (local area network) and WAN also (wide area network). Conclusion : This business is based on two things one is internal and other is external internal which I discussed in this report which is communication in organisation and second is people because it is people based business. So to get success in this business organisation have to concentrate on both things. Recommendations : As Dominos have many communication objectives like creating awareness, imparting knowledge, projecting an image, shaping attitudes, stimulating a want or desire, affecting a sale. According to me they should add some more communication objectives like educate, encourage action, reward consumer, match the competition, beat the competition, make a promise, and fulfil the promise. They should provide some more facilities to them like for the parents they should provide special discounts on their special days (Birthday, Marriage Anniversary) and for children they should open Kids Zone on their every stores so that they can enjoy their time.

Organisational Change In The Sandwich Factory Management Essay

Organisational Change In The Sandwich Factory Management Essay This report will explore the type of leadership styles are used in The Sandwich Factory. Kirsty Flower owns The Sandwich Factory which was established in 2005 by her and her colleagues that worked before hand together in similar industry. All the managers in the organisation consist of women which form the Senior Management Team. Kristys leadership styles integrate with modern leadership theories in many different ways, one theory more than the other in some cases. The modern approaches to leadership this report will look in depth are Leader-member Exchange theory, Path-goal theory and New leadership. The success or failure of The Sandwich Factory depends on Kirstys manager leadership qualities. Leadership is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives (Kumar 2001: 190). To succeed a leader needs have a motivated team which can only be achieved by the leader taking control as well as listening to the followers issues or needs. The modern leadership theories are commonly found in todays society amongst leaders. These theories can be applied in all types of organisations from a small business to multinational cooperations. The approaches are further frequently used rather than the older theories such as The Great Man theory and Trait theories. The modern leadership theories take more into account the motivation of subordinates, how the follower feels and considers the workers important, it is them that lead to the success of the company. Introduction to the Path-goal Theory approach There are umpteen types of modern approaches to leadership, path-goal theory, leader member exchange theory and new leadership transformational/transactional leadership. Subordinates have a lot more power in the modern approaches as compared to the older leadership theories. Kirstys leadership may be seen as reflective of modern leadership theories and approaches as the evidence will show how the styles incorporate with the case study. Kirsty has several leadership styles; Path-goal theory is one of the approaches which are used in The Sandwich Factory by Kirsty, the owner. An examples of this style is I have a vision and I try to make it clear to staff that we are in this together, all going the same way towards one goal (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty is letting all the followers know by this statement that there is a path and a target and everyone is in it together as a team. The role of the leader is to steer workers towards achieving the end goal. Leadership also motivates when it makes the path to the goal clear and easy to travel through coaching and directions, when it removes obstacles and roadblocks to attaining the goal, and when it makes the work itself more personally satisfying (Northouse 2007: 128). There are many advantages to the Path-goal approach, Kirsty and the followers have mutual respect; it is easier to communicate with subordinates when there is a flatter system and fewer channels to get through, the leaders style is informative, encourages and supports the employees, and shows guidance in achieving goals. The theory works around context and the work setting rather than leaders style which occurs in the contingency theory. The underlying assumption of path-goal theory is derived from expectancy theory, which suggests that subordinates will be motivated if they think they are capable of performing their work, if they believe their efforts will result in a certain outcome, and if they believe that the payoffs for doing their work are worthwhile (Northouse 2007: 127). The responsibility of the leader is to help employees achieve their target, making sure that the path to the end goal is understandable and simple; from this workers will become confident and be motivated fo r future tasks. Subordinates will find the work easy as the goals will be broken down and explained well by superiors. There are also flaws to the Path-goal approach; the theory assumes the leader knows everything and has the qualities to give a clear path to followers to reach their goal. It also presumes that subordinates will be motivated by the perception of the possibility of achieving a goal and the leader is expected to have a positive impact on the followers and motivate them regardless of the situation. Introduction to the Leader-Member Exchange Theory approach. The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is another approach which applies to the case study; it is the only theory that deals with in and out groups. All the employees seem to be in the in group; luckily The Sandwich Factory has no visible out group. The in group has dyadic relationship with the leader where as the out group has more of a formal relationship with leader and are not felt a part of the tasks that are performed. These groups are created by the leader, if the followers agree to negotiate with the leader then they will become a part of in the group and will be further more involved with current and perhaps future projects depending if the individual can keep the leader satisfied with the standard of performances. The job of the leader in the LMX theory is to ensure that followers feel important and unique member of the team. The LMX theory develops into two stages; firstly the leaders initial impressions of the worker such as their personal and demographic characteristics. Secondly the output that is produced by the employee, the leader will judge if the tasks completed are to standards expected, on this basis the worker shall either enjoy high quality leader-member exchange or they shall be placed in the out group by the leader, where treatment will not be so pleasant. An example of the LMX theory in the case is when Kirsty mentions workers can add their own input to the business, these type relationships exist when the leader has a strong and stable relationship with employees which is a feature of this approach. I also have to trust staff to be fully committed to what we want and I`m open to any ideas on how to make that vision a practical reality (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty has developed a loyal individual relationship with all team members which in effect will create a greater output as the Senior Management Team will be motivated by Kirstys influence. One of the undeveloped parts of the theory is a follower from the in group is perceived to be good at all task just because the subordinate is good at one task For instance, a members less than satisfactory job performance is tolerated because of the loyalty he has shown to the leader (Othman, Ee and Shi 2009: 340). This implies that the leader may misunderstand the worker and misclassify their performance. This is a defect of the LMX approach which is major compared to other theories as it affects the quality of work. There can be constant change within the groups, people maybe be dropped or may start involving themselves with in the in group depending on circumstances. Introduction to the New Leadership Theory approach Transformational leadership came into focus in the early 1980s. This theory gives attention to charismatic and effective aspects of leadership; it changes and transforms subordinates as the name implies. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics standards, and long-term goals and includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beings (Northouse 2007: 175). Kirstys leadership style can be seen as transformational as she is interested in on focusing on helping every member of the group succeed. Kirsty says I try to be hand on hand to clarify any issues the staff have (Case Study: Week 5). One of the components of the transformational theory is Idealised influence (charisma). This method the leader shows clear set of values that need to be followed and acts as role model to the workers. This charismatic dimension of transformational leadership is characterised by providing a vision and a sense of mission, instilling pride among the group, and gaining respect and trust (Humphreys, Einstein 2003: 86). The leader is seen as a hero by employees. Kirsty is getting more out of her staff since they seem to be in high spirit at work. An example of this approach being applied in the case study is the staff seem to be happy and enjoying the devolution of authority and responsibility I`ve been able to give (Case Study: Week 5). This can be seen as individual consideration to members of the team that Kirsty feels can be developed to accomplish more. The flaw of the approach is it tries to involve too many factors which can create confusion and uncertainty to the follower and the leader if it were too be practiced upon. Transformational theory is unlike other theories it does not take into consideration how the leader should act to particular situations to be successful. Transactional behaviour is a part of the modern theory approaches, which comes under the New leadership approach. It works by motivating subordinates and rewarding or punishing them depending on how well they perform with the tasks. In this approach the leader has hold over the followers and expects the workers to perform to high standards. Kirsty does not hold this type of style; her leadership approach is more towards the Transformational theory which is more lenient and considerate towards the follower. The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership Path-goal theory approach. There are many strong points and weakness of Kirstys leadership in The Sandwich Factory. The first approach that will be critically analysed is the Path-goal theory. This style is concerned with how leadership behaviour can influence the satisfaction and performance of a follower in an organisational setting. The Path-goal approach is about diminishing obstructions to reach goals then rewarding the employees for task achievements. In essence, the path goal theory attempts to explain the impact that leader behaviour has on subordinate motivation, satisfaction and performance (Jain 2005: 328) One of the strengths of the Path-goal approach is that it deals with a combination of factors. There are a few types of leadership styles in the path goal theory, the approach suggest that these behaviours should be used in different circumstances to motivate subordinates. Supportive Leadership the leader attempts to solve any concerns of the subordinate, so if the follower is unsatisfied the leader will show genuine support to help resolve the issue facing the person. The supportive leader likes a friendly environment and gives strong attention to the needs and wellbeing of his or her subordinates (Silverthorne 2001: 151). This type of approach is best used when jobs are boring or stressful e.g. car manufacturing factory. Achievement Orientated Leadership The leader has set high expectation for followers at this style, challenging the employee to his/her fullest, hoping the subordinate will excel in their field, showing confidence that they will achieve goals set and perform well. People who perform a variety of tasks may find their jobs more satisfying and have less need for social support (Marriner-Tomey 2004: 174). An example of this approach being applied in the case study is the staff seem to be happy and enjoying the devolution of authority and responsibility I`ve been able to give (Case Study: Week 5). This shows that subordinates are content and willing to take on extra tasks. The disadvantages of the Path-goal theory are it is too broad and tries to involve all aspects (directive, supportive, participative and achievement orientated leadership), and incorporate all these together which makes it difficult to actually practice upon the theory fully. It also does not explain how these four types of approaches will affect the employees work. This leaves the practitioner with insufficient proof how this theory will work in reality and how it can be applied to an organisation. . The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership Leader-Member Exchange approach. As discussed earlier in the report the LMX theory relates to the case, Kirsty and her friends that previously worked for Mr Bakes all moved across to start a new company called The Sandwich Factory which consisted of Kirsty and several other colleagues as having share in the business. The friends are noticeably in the in group, which is considered a strength, where Kirsty has a strong relationship with these subordinates, who have been given a managers role Kirsty`s colleagues now hold senior positions on the Senior Management Team (SMT) (Human Resources, Finance and Production) (Case Study: Week 5). Kirsty and the followers have mutual respect and trust towards one another which are strengths of the LMX theory. The theory emphasises the importance of recognising the existence of in and out groups within the work place. LMX theory is the only leadership theory that makes the concept of a relationship between leader and follower the centrepiece of the leadership process. Leaders in high quality LMX relationships rely heavily on followers to act in their stead (Dunegan et al., 1992) and encourage them to undertake more responsible activities (Graen and Uhl-Bien, 1995) (Kang, Stewart 2007: 534). In the interview Kirsty answered saying we all got on well with our previous employer (Case Study: Week 5), this implies that the relationship must of been healthy with Mr Bakes organisation. The in group has been carried forward to Kirstys company The Sandwich Factory, one of the strengths of this approach. It can be argued there are limitations to the LMX theory, the out group are deprived of attention from the leader in the context of work groups, it is possible that such a situation can be divisive and undermine group performance (Othman, Ee and Shi 2009: 340). This type of behaviour is can be seen as destructive leadership as it upsets employees even though partially some of them may be content with their job and boss. The out groups morale will be extremely lower compared to the in group who will be enjoying a healthy relationship with the leader. Staff in the out group will not be so committed and motivated to do well in their jobs. The Sandwich Factory does not have an out group just yet this may be because the company is relatively new and Kirsty leadership style will not allow it for these types of circumstances to occur as they will have negative repercussions. First impression of this theory will not be great to leaders and practitioners as it displays unfairness and favouritism towards the out group as leaders are only concerned with performance. The strengths and weaknesses of Kristys leadership New Leadership approach. Kirsty has transformational leadership qualities, which is another modern leadership approach, this also known as New Leadership which in addition has Transactional Leadership. She takes control of situations by conveying a clear vision of The Sandwich Factorys goals and objectives; she has a passion for the work and the ability to make the followers feel re-energized. This type of leadership consists having a shared vision and unity within the team. One of the strengths of transformational leadership is to give clear direction and involve others in developing the vision. This statement given by Kirsty in the Young Entrepreneur (London) Monthly relates to this theory The original idea to start up the company was mine, but I needed people to come with me to make my vision work for the betterment of all involved in the company (Case Study: Week 5). The transformational theory has become popular over time as it allows the leader to get the most out of the follower when executed in a considerate but professional manner. Bass (1990) suggests that by applying the behavioural characteristics of transformational leadership, leaders can guide their followers toward performance beyond expectations (Humphreys and Einstein 2003: 85). The disadvantage of the transformational approach it depends on highly skilled and developed employees to be triumphant in tasks assigned to them. Another criticism about the theory is the approach presumes followers want change. This theory also believes that leaders are people that can transform others around them. Then this brings up the question, how sure are the followers that the leader is making the right decision? The Transactional theory is about the leader having full control and authority over subordinates. The leader makes it clear what is required from the follower. A form of transactional approach in the case is when Kirsty says I found myself papering over some cracks that appeared in the early days when we had to get things done fast (Case Study: Week 5). Transactional leader works or a reward or punishment basis to motivate followers, if the employee reaches targets within a low budget then they will be given an incentive and if the worker fails the task or is not complete on time the worker will be punished or the leader will begin to make the follower feel uncomfortable. The limitation of the transactional approach is that its primary focus is on rewards and punishments. Rather than the growth and needs of employees which the transformational theory concentrates on along with other styles, maintaining a balance of what is important. Conclusion All three modern leadership theories and approaches have been identified in this report and how they have impacted subordinates as well as the leader. The path-goal theory motivates workers to make them feel that they can do the work and Kirsty uses this style to encourage subordinates that they can fulfil tasks. Transformational theory has the same type of idea but it seems less complex to use and apply in The Sandwich Factory. The LMX approach is not widely used or applied but there are hints of the theory with in the case, mostly regarding the in groups that have been created in the company by Kirsty. The entire the way through the case study Kirsty keeps referring to we as the organisation went through all different stages together e.g. we created a market, we had to get things done faster and so on. This is clear evidence that Kirsty does not just see herself running The Sandwich Factory but strategically as team, which shows great leadership to progress forward. Evidentially these modern leadership theories have been used by Kirsty and have worked well. The analysis has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the modern leadership approaches related to The Sandwich Factory.

Expansion vs. Preservation :: essays papers

Expansion vs. Preservation William Sonntag was acclaimed in the 1850s as a painter of the dramatic landscape. In his painting â€Å"Garden of the Gods,† Sonntag portrays a family in the time of the westward expansion. The very subtle painting, expressed by its loose brushwork, captures the shifting atmospheric contrasts of light and dark. Apparent in the painting is a family struggling to survive in nature. In the bottom left corner of the painting is a weather beaten shack, the home of the struggling family. This painting brings out the â€Å"live of the land† mentality, but it also incorporates the idea of expansion. When you think about life today, do we really need to expand? Does all this technology really make our lives better? Certainly, Ted Kazinski (aka â€Å"The Unabomber†) doesn’t think so. The well known advocate for a revolution against the Industrial system, the Unabomber believes the technological era will be a disaster to the human race. William Sonntagâ⠂¬â„¢s â€Å"Garden of the Gods† symbolizes expansion, as opposed to the Unabomber’s belief of preserving ones current way of life . The Unabomber’s ideal society would be that of life in the nineteenth century. It would be characteristic of life without TV’s to brainwash us with, no scientists and engineers to try to simplify our lives, and no cars to pollute our mother earth with. It all comes together in what we see in the â€Å"Garden of the Gods,† hunting for food to feed your loving family, living in a shack made by ones own god given hands, and entertaining each other by storytelling in front of a campfire. Depicted in this painting is a luminous reflection of the sun on what seems to be rock formation in the background. This symbolizes gods intervention into human life, and the spiritual livelihood that is inherent in all of us. It is the heavens that helps us to overcome our everyday obstacles. Conquering new ground wasn’t an easy task for many expansionists, confiding in god is what brought many of these settlers to overcome their fears and hindrances. Even though there are similarities between these two pieces, they still have one monumental difference. Expansion is what brings us to new levels. For many of these settlers, land wasn’t a necessity; they believed they were destined for more land.

P-type ATPases Essay example -- Chemical Biology, Biochemistry

Describe the mechanism of P-type ATPases; select one P-type ATPase and examine how its physiological role has been investigated. The P-type ATPases are a large family of membrane enzymes, with 476 different subtypes categorised in the Swiss-Prot protein information database. The P-type or E1-E2 ATPases were first discovered and categorised by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish physician-turned-physiologist in 1957. Skou discovered the Na+/K+ ATPase, and later shared half of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in reward for his work (Skou 1997). As mentioned above, the P-type ATPases have a broad range of interventions, for example, the use of the Digitalis toxin in the treatment of heart failure (Rang et al. 2007). There are 5 broad classes of P-type ATPase, and numerable sub-classes. Human ATP-ases are primarily grouped in classed I, II and IV, with group III consisting of bacterial enzymes, and group V largely unclassified (Stokes and Green 2003). An especially important role of an ATPase in humans is the transport of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane. It is this Na+/K+ ATPase that J.C Skou discovered, and worked on for most of his academic career (Skou 1997). The fundamental basis of the P-type ATPase's ability to function is its capacity to form 2 conformational states, E1 and E2. Both of these states are ion-binding, one allowing intramembrane ion binding, and the other with an extramembrane ion binding site. The Na+/K+ ATPase is an anti-porter, transporting Na+ ions out of the cell, and K+ ions into the cell, at a 3:2 ratio (Na:K), against the concentration gradient (Lehninger et al. 2000). The process of transporting ions across the membrane is a 4 step mechanism, as shown in figure 1. Firstly, 3 N... ... a Participant in the Active Transport of Sodium and Potassium in the Human Erythrocyte. Journal of Biological Chemistry 235(6), pp. 1796-1802. Rang, H. P. et al. 2007. Rang and Dale's pharmacology. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, pp. xiii, 829 p. Shull, G. E. et al. 1985. Amino-acid sequence of the catalytic subunit of the (Na+ + K+)ATPase deduced from a complementary DNA. Nature 316(6030), pp. 691-695. Skou, J. C. 1997. The Nobel Prizes 1997. Stockholm: Nobel Foundation. Skou, J. C. 2004. The Identification of the Sodium Pump. Bioscience Reports 24(4), pp. 436-451. Skou, J. C. and Esmann, M. 1992. The Na,K-ATPase. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 24(3), pp. 249-261. Stokes, D. L. and Green, N. M. 2003. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CALCIUM PUMP. Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 32(1), pp. 445-468.

Rights :: essays research papers

One would think that the story of Matthew Shepard would bring people together over a tragic event. On the contrary, Matthew Shepard’s death seemed to pull the nation apart, due to people’s conflicting points of view. Should Matthew’s heartbreaking death be seen as any other killing, or should everyone take it upon himself or herself to be responsible for what happened to Matthew?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When reading the article â€Å"Blood on our Hands†, I believe that the writer had a strong position about his argument. Phil Martin states that everyone should take responsibility for Matthew’s death because people everywhere reject the unfamiliar and label others without thinking about the consequences of their actions. I believe that he is correct that we in the United States do not take the time to understand people who are different than we are. Being in a minority group as a young Jewish woman, I can empathize with the writer when he talks about being angry with self-sanctimonious religious leaders. When religious officials speak out about gays, Jews, Muslims or any other minority they need to realize that people may take their words and apply them. How can anyone be shocked about the death of a gay man, when it is being taught that gay people are not deserving of God?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nobody’s cause is more important than anyone else’s. Everyone should educate themselves about the differences we face in America. Understanding is the key component to making change happen. If gay activists stood for the equality of women, and if women activists would stand for the equality of African Americans, then everyone would stand for something. They would stand for the equality of all Americans in this country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem with this theory of mine is that people automatically put the blame on others and points the finger the other way. In â€Å"Matthew Shepard: What is the Big Deal?† Colby Carter uses personal attacks at gays to bolster his opinion. He states that protestors at a Gay March in New York waved signs reading, â€Å"Where is your rage?† in response to the death of Matthew. I think the writer takes the word rage out of context because he insists that gay protestors were using violence to solve the problem. I see people waving signs that display the same message outside of abortion clinics. Anyone can be angry about something they believe in strongly without having someone jumping to the conclusion that they are violent.

12 Angry Men and To Kill A Mockingbird

Brain Storming†¦ Compare and contrast the two trials of Tom Robinson in To Kill a Mockingbird and Twelve Angry Men. * Similarities: * In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus defends Tom Robinson even though there was little chance he could win the trial. He did all he could to help Tom, and put 100% effort into the trial. In Twelve Angry Men, juror number 8 defends the boy, even though everyone else believes he’s guilty. They both did not give up and in it till the end. * They are dealing with prejudice in both.In To Kill a Mockingbird, the prejudice is seen because Tom is a black man going against a white man’s word, and the jury is all white and prejudice. In Twelve Angry Men, prejudice is seen because the boy in trial is from the slums; he is criticized because of where he lives. * Juror # 8 and Atticus both use evidence and facts to prove their point. They use logos. * In both the book and the play, a life is at stake. The defendant would be put in the chair if prove n guilty. * You never find out if the defendant is truly innocent or guilty. You only find out what the jury decides. The words of witnesses are doubtful. * Differences: * Atticus lost the trial, but juror # 8 convinced the rest of the jury to vote â€Å"not guilty†. * Atticus is a lawyer, so he was defending Tom in court. Juror # 8 was part of the jury and was defending the boy against the rest of the jury, trying to get them to vote â€Å"not guilty† * Tom is accused of rape; the boy is accused of murder. * In Twelve Angry Men, there is more physical evidence of the crime then in To Kill a Mockingbird. In To Kill a Mockingbird there is mostly just the word of witnesses for evidence.

Ethical Practice In Counselling Essay

What is ethical practice in counselling? How is this reflected in the skills, competencies and qualities of an effective counsellor? Part A The aim of this assignment is to show what ethical practice is in counselling and how carrying out ethical practices make a more effective and competent counsellor. The first part explains what is meant by ethical practice. The second part will examine boundaries implemented by counsellors to protect both parties. The second part focuses on the skill of listening along with other non – specific factors in order to be an effective counsellor. Next part defines a competent counsellor and the problems which occur when this is absent. The final part examines the ethical issue of advice and explains the implications of giving advice. Working in a counselling role whether it is voluntary or professional it is important you adhere to the ethics set out. There is a unified ethical code set out by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). The ethical framework in which counsellor’s ensure they carry out their roles appropriately along with the understandi ng that they be held accountable with regards to client wellbeing and safety. The BACP is not designed to hinder the counsellor but work alongside their values, morals and principles to protect clients in terms of expectation, rights and quality of care. General ethical commitments are expressed through their principles. These are fidelity; autonomy; beneficence; non-maleficence; justice and self-respect. Personal qualities of a counsellor are important and interlink with values and principles of the counsellor, these consist of empathy; sincerity; integrity; respect; resilience; competence; wisdom; humility and courage. The use of their skills, competencies and qualities combined with their principles should make an effective counsellor. (Langridge, 2008) (BACP, 2013) Boundaries could be defined as a framework in which the client and counsellor work together. It acts as a safety net to ensure that the client does not come to any harm. This works alongside the ethical practice of non-maleficence. The counsellor makes clear their expectations / limitations so it’s visible to the client and also helps avoid malpractice. These boundaries also help ensure the client / counsellor is kept safe. An example of these metaphorical boundaries would be a verbal agreement as it sets out the key  features and identifies what needs to be done to avoid misunderstandings. (Langridge,2008). Th e qualities needed from the counsellor to implement this would be sincerity and integrity. The sincerity to be consistent by doing what you said you were going to do. Integrity here can be seen as moral, straightforward and honest in stating your limitations and drawing up an agreement (BACP 2013). These boundaries are set out in a way to suit each counsellor some are fixed and some more flexible, some may argue that this can be damaging to the relationship if they are over or under boundaried (mcleod, p.229) An example of boundaries is shown in the DVD (OU, 2008, section 4) where Helen (counsellor) is talking to James she clearly sets out boundaries stating she was not qualified but could help in a listening capacity (a skill which is very important) and also that the conversation was confidential this ensured the clients well-being and also covered the counsellor from any ethical backlash i.e malpractice. Jamie understood this and continued the conversation. Counsellors use non-specific factors when engaging with clients. A vital skill involves actively listening, this requires the counsellor to absorb all information given to them by the client without pre judgement or imposing own ideas (this can be seen in emotional and mental safety). This demonstrates to client that you think they are very important and you care (Langridge, 2008). it is also important to pay attention to the non-verbal cues as well such as body language, eye contact (although can make client feel uncomfortable) and head movement. (Langridge, 2008). It can also be said it is very important in the therapeutic relationship to pay attention to what is not being said also. Rennie (1994b, citied by McLeod) found that if the client felt misunderstood they would conceal their feelings. Some may talk openly about the important thing whilst covering up what is really happening. Therefore the counsellor needs to gain as much access as possible into ‘hidden material’. The ethical way to do this would be to examine notes that look at inner experiences as well as what was said. Both experiences of the client and counsellor can be examined. This can be useful in training and well as looking at own techniques and re-examining them when fully qualified. P252. Also using open questions could draw out fuller responses from client and enable the  counsellor to access more information into the complex issue surrounding client. Interpersonal skills needed by the counsellor are listening, empathy, awareness, communication and responsiveness. This will enable a good therapeutic relationship to form which is key to ensuring goals are met on both parts. Bordin’s Therapeutic alliance model (1979, cited by McLeod) highlights the notion of these competencies along with the ability to use specific techniques in an appropriate manner. Empathy is an important quality identified as an ethical component and should be adhered to in order to become an effective counsellor. In the DVD (ou, section 1, 2008) there is clear evidence of the counsellor actively listening to client. She uses basic counselling skills such as clarification to check her understanding of the problem (awareness) and see the problem through the client’s world (empathy). She also uses open questions to identify the areas in which the client can reflect and understand her own problem (responsiveness & communication) and in turn she has empowered the client by not imposing judgement but by demonstrating that the most important skill a counsellor has is listening to the client. In contrast in DVD (OU, 2008, section 5 clip 1) we see the counsellor not listening to what the client said and made the client feel unimportant. In turn this heightened their anxiety and left them no further forward to finding a solution. This demonstrates lack of empathy and justice on the counsellor’s part which are highlighted by the BACP to ensure clients well-being. The ethical quality of competence works alongside what BACP determine Beneficence, to work within own competence using research and reflection to inform practice. This entails the willingness to pursue knowledge and understanding in order to develop skills further but also have a good set of skills to do the job already. To highlight what incompetence can do DVD (OU, 2008, section 5clip3) shows counsellor is out of her depth and could not give client a straight answer or any kind of guidance. Although ethically restrained to give advice the counsellor should have guided client through their feeling using basic counselling skills. However client left upset, confused and blaming herself for the issues she had. Personal qualities are lacking in order to make the counsellor effective. A counsellor is ethically bound not to give advice necessarily to the client but more to use the skills of encouragement and support to guide the client to find their own solutions to their problems  and for the client to become self-determining. Should the counsellor simply give advice on issues with the client they may simply be pressing upon the client their own views and beliefs rather than following the ethical framework that effective counsellors adhere to. (Landridge,2008). Sometimes the client expects the counsellor to tell them the answers to their problems and is disappointed when the counsellor is unable to do so. However the counsellor needs to use qualities such as resilience, competence and wisdom in order to work with the client in these situations. (McLeod, 2008 p.259). In contrast to the ethical principle of advice the DVD (OU, 2008, section 5 clip 2) where the counsellor is trying to solve practical problems of the client (the light bulb) instead of addressing emotional issues to do with her mother. She should not have been trying to give advice as this is unethical but instead allow her client to reach her own solution and explore her feelings toward her mother deeper. The support here was clearly not given. Instead the counsellor should have used her skills of listening, open questions and paraphrasing to guide client toward exploring her feelings. Competence and wisdom were clearly lacking making a very ineffective counsellor and potentially damaging the relationship. To surmise the ethical framework ensures the client and the counsellor are protected. Counselling skills are essentia l in order for any counselling relationship. Use of basic skills should enable the counsellor to be more effective in succeeding. However this assignment has highlighted what happens when basic skills are lacking. Possession of counselling qualities as mentioned at the start should enable client to strike up a good relationship with the counsellor. This is crucial in order for counselling to be successful. Therefore the skills, competencies and qualities combined should make counselling more successful for the client and the counsellor more effective. (Word count 1474)

Breath Right Essay

â€Å"When we first began marketing this product, what was so gratifying, particularly as a physician were the literally thousands of letters and phone calls we would receive talking about how much better people slept at night. Almost all the letters began with â€Å"thank you, thank you, thank you!† Just three thank you’s. It was, I haven’t gotten a good night’s sleep like this in 10 years.† What is Dr. Dan Cohen, CEO of CNS, Inc., talking about? Its Breathe Right ® nasal strips, the innovative adhesive pad with a small spring inside that, when attached to the nose, pulls the nasal passages open and makes it easier to breathe. Since its introduction in the United States, Breathe Right strips have been coveted by athletes hoping to improve their performance through increased oxygen flow, snorers (and more often, snorers’ spouses) hoping for a sound night’s sleep, and allergy and cold sufferers looking for relief for their stuffed noses. The Breathe Right ® strip was invented by Bruce Johnson, who suffered from chronic nasal congestion. At times he would put straws or paper clips up his nose at night to keep his nasal passages open. After tinkering in his workshop for years, he came up with a prototype design for the Breath Right ® strip. He brought the prototype to CNS, which was in the sleep disorders diagnostic equipment business at the time. Dr. Cohen knew instantly the market for the strips would be huge. After the products received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and became successful in the market CNS divested its other interests and went to work marketing the strips full time. Being a small company, CNS did not have the budget to launch a large-scale marketing campaign. But it got the break it needed when Jerry Rice, the wide receiver for the San Francisco 49ers won the 1995 Superbowl. The entire nation became aware of the product overnight, and demand for the strips increased dramatically. An indication of this national awareness was discussion on TV talk shows and even appearances of the strip in cartoons. The problems that the Breath Right ® strip solves – snoring, congestion – are not unique to the US population. Also, with the media being so global today, people around the world were seeing US athletes wearing the strip and wondering how they could get their noses on some. CNS decided to take Breath Right ® international. But because it was still a relatively small company and had no experience in the global market place, it opted to take on a distribution partner that had extensive global outlets already in place as well as the ability to market the product abroad. 3M, makers of such products as Post-It notes and the leader in stick-to-skin products around the world became the international distributor for Breath Right ® strips. David Reynolds-Gooch, International Business Manager at 3M, explains that the strips fit in well with 3M’s existing adhesive line of first-aid products and are sold in channels with which 3M has extensive leverage: pharmacies, hypermarkets and food markets. 3M agreed to take control of all the marketing and communication responsibilities in addition to the distribution in return for a percentage of the sales revenue of the strips. The strips are â€Å"co-branded† in the international markets. The packages say both Breath Right ® and 3M. 3M introduced the Breath Right ® strip in Japan, and then it was rolled out in Europe, and now can be found in more than 40 countries from Australia to South America. 3M used a similar approach to that used by CNS in the US. Create awareness during the introduction phase through public relations – sports related and otherwise. â€Å"The first year we had incredible PR success† remembers Reynolds-Gooch. â€Å"We believe we got about $14 million worth of free TV, radio, and print time around the world.† This was done through such tactics as having the South African rugby team wear the strips while it won the World Cup of rugby and having pulmonologists and breathing experts describe the benefits of the product on talk shows in Japan, Australia, Europe and Latin America. CNS quickly discovered some major differences in marketing the product here and abroad. For instance, as Gary Tschautscher, Vice President of International Marketing at CNS explains. â€Å"In the US, we positioned and distributed the strips as part of the cough/cold category of products. As we rolled it out internationally, suddenly we realized in some countries that section in the store doesn’t even exist. So where do you position your product?† Additionally, says Reynolds-Gooch. â€Å"There really aren’t many large drug chains or pharmacy chains. The stores are independent in most countries by law. So what that means is you have to go through multiple layers of distribution and ultimately we were able to influence the pharmacist because of the other products 3M distributes in the stores. Finally, there is no couponing in most countries in the world. That vehicle for inducing trial of a new product is not available, and hence a lot more in-store sampling is nee ded. Both CNS and 3M face some issues for the future as Breathe Right strips gain in popularity around the globe. While the athletic segment of the market gets most of the publicity, the snorers are the bulk of the market for the strips internationally. Reynolds-Gooch has identified creating heavy users – those who use the strip every night – as the most important marketing point for the future, ahead of people with seasonal colds or allergies. Also, many of the markets that have been identified as â€Å"hot† new markets throughout the business community may not be appropriate of the Breath Right ® strip. For example, Latin America and Asia (especially China) are emerging markets with steadily increasing income levels and large populations, but the average age in these countries is under 30, and people under 30 typically do not have snoring problems with the frequency that older people do.

Pip’s conversation with Biddy Essay

Pip’s change whilst being in London, has meant he sees wealth as everything. â€Å"If I could have kept him away by paying money, I certainly would have paid money.† Showing that firstly, he’d do anything to stop Joe’s visit, and also he can buy anything, and that money can solve anything.  Pip feels embarrassed, he doesn’t want to be seen with Joe, â€Å"my greatest reassurance was, that he was coming to Barnards Inn,† showing he doesn’t want to be associated with someone of Joe’s status. Joe himself realises the change in Pip, † you wont find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge dress.† This displays Joe’s uncomfortableness, and unease, he realises Pip has change, and doesn’t see Joe the same as before. However Pip also becomes conscious of his change, â€Å"if I had been easier with Joe, Joe would have been easier with me.† Showing Pip’s tension, and impatience with Joe. Pip makes Joe feel uneasy, † us two now being now alone Sir.† The key word is ‘Sir’, Joe sees the change in Pip and feels obliged to call him Sir. As Pip has ‘grown accustomed’ to his great expectations, he has noted the change in himself. â€Å"I had insensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself,† showing he realises the effect people have had on him, which has caused him to change during the course of his ‘expectations.’ He recognizes this effect is not all positive, â€Å"I knew very well that it was not all good,† screening he has accredited the change within him. We see Pip build a sense of guilt, towards Joe and Biddy, â€Å"I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe.† â€Å"My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy.† He has realised his mistreatment toward them.  Upon hearing the death of his sister Pip, starts to notice her, in ‘his world.’ â€Å"In my rooms too, with which she had never been at all associated, there was at once the blankness of death.† Showing the effect of her death within him.  Biddy tells Pip she is leaving the forge, he replies with: † I am not going to leave poor Joe alone,† showing his fondness of Joe, which is a drastic change, from their previous meeting in London. Even whilst at the forge and with Biddy, Pip still relates to wealth, â€Å"I would spend any money,† showing his continuous thought of money, which is such a change from his young childhood.  Pip changes towards Joe, â€Å"good-bye, dear Joe!- no don’t wipe it off- for God’s sake give me your blackened hand. This shows he respects Joe and likes him for who he is â€Å"man he was.† Pip realises he prefers London, he thinks Joe and Biddy knows he does, he thinks they believe he wont come back, his response is a â€Å"they were quite right to.† This is a clear representation of his change since his younger years. When Pip sees Magwitch, and learns that he is in fact his benefactor, he is disturbed, he is positively repulsed to find, Magwitch is the person who has raised him to become a gentlemen. â€Å"The abhorrence in which I held the man, the dread I had of him, the repungance with which I shrank from him, could not have been exceeded if he had been some terrible beast.† Dickens choice of words, illustrate Pip’s horror and hatred towards Magwitch, â€Å"abhorrence,† â€Å"repungance,† and â€Å"dread.† He uses animal imagery to convey his pure displeasure that Magwitch is in fact his benefactor. We see the change Magwitch brings about in Pip, † O, that he had never come! That he had left me at the forge-far from contented, yet, by comparison, happy.† For the first time since being in London, Pip’s views of the forge, have changed. He reconsiders his current position in London.  Pip doesn’t want anything to do with Magwitch, † he laid his hand upon my shoulder. I shuddered at he thought that for anything I knew, his hand might be stained with blood.† He sees Magwitch as dirty, he sees the money to be untrue and dirty also, which is a change, as before the money was everything to him. When pip finally reconsiders his situation, he is thoroughly disheartened: â€Å"It was not until I began to think, that I began fully to know how wrecked I was, and how the ship in which I has sailed was gone to pieces.† Showing that he believes his, ambitions, aspirations and hopes are all shattered.  Pip regrets his mistreatment of Joe and Biddy, â€Å"worthless conduct,† he sees how bad he’s been. He sums his emotions up at the end of the chapter, â€Å"thick black darkness,† this is how he sees his life after his changing reunion with Magwitch. Within chapter 40, Pip is still demoralised by finding Magwitch to be his benefactor, † I was greatly dejected and distressed.† Showing the change Magwitch has had on Pip since he made himself recognized. Pip analyses Magwitch, â€Å"he ate in a ravenous way, that was very disagreeable.† This is a sign of his change, he notes his manners, and sees his etiquette as wrong. Dickens used the word ‘disagreeable,’ which, represents, that its disagreeable to Pip, in his new found hierarchy. Dickens again uses animal imagery to convey Pip’s feelings towards Magwitch , â€Å"he looked terribly like a hungry old dog.† This represents Pip’s dislike for Magwitch. Pip is desperate to know how long Magwitch will stay, â€Å"in a frenzy of fear and dislike†¦. I want to know how you are to be kept out of danger, how long you are going to stay.† The key words are: ‘fear’ and ‘dislike,’ these are clear depiction of his disgust towards Magwitch.  We notice a huge change within Pip. He now recognises his affection toward Magwitch. He believes he should do right by Magwitch before he dies, â€Å"it became the first duty of my life to say to him, and read to him, what I knew he ought to hear.† Showing his consideration of compassion for Magwitch. Pip informs Magwitch about Estella, â€Å"she is living now. She is a lady and very beautiful. And I love her† He feels his duty, is to complement Magwitch on Estella. The change in Pip is that he inevitably forgives and pardons Magwitch, he wishes the best for him. â€Å"O, lord be merciful.† This is a drastic change to his initial thoughts towards him, when he discovered he was his benefactor.  Within chapter 57, as Pip comes out of his fever, we observe a change in him. Pip again worships Joe, â€Å"O, God bless him! O, God bless this gentle Christian man!† Showing his repentance. Pip changes his view of the word ‘wealth.’ â€Å"Wealth of his good nature,† showing his new appreciation of wealth, he has realised that, wealth in money terms doesn’t make a gentlemen, where as wealth in nature, and kindness does. Pip’s change is shown with: â€Å"I went towards them slowly, for my limbs were weak, but with a sense of increasing relief as I drew nearer to them, and a sense of leaving arrogance and untruthfulness further and further behind.† This shows he believes he’s leaving his ‘arrogance’ and ‘untruthfulness’ behind him, these are the factors of a gentlemen he now perceives to be appalling. Pip’s appreciation of Joe is exposed with, â€Å"my first thought was one of great thankfulness, that I had never breathed this last baffled hope to Joe.† He’s so happy he didn’t destroy Joe. This is a change in his feelings for Joe. His further appreciation of Joe is shown within Pip’s conversation with Biddy. â€Å"Dear Biddy, you have the best husband in the whole world, and if you could have seen him by my bed you would have-But no, you couldn’t love him better than you do.† This shows his sheer delight with both Joe and Biddy. He both recognises Joe and Biddy as good natured people, but also he recognises his mistakes. â€Å"You were both so good and true.† â€Å"To grow up a much better man than I did.† He identifies his life wasn’t all good, and he acknowledges his mistakes.  In conclusion, Pip has changed his depiction of the word, ‘gentlemen.’ He no longer sees it to revolve around education, wealth and social standing. Due to the positive effect that Joe has upheld within Pip, Pip appreciation of a ‘gentlemen’ is to be concerned with, faithfulness, generosity and goodness. Pip lost everything whilst in London, he now however has gained so much more, with respect and understanding, of not only himself but others also.

Post-processual archaeology (burial) Term Paper

Post-processual archaeology (burial) - Term Paper Example To find objective information or to conduct research from an objective perspective when it comes to skeleton, it would only be achieved if there were absolutely no information of the skeletons or cadavers excavated. In addition, objectivity is not achieved following the presence or absence of a number of aspects that directly relate to demographics as archeologists first seek information prior to taking action in excavation. This way, they acquire historical facts and demographic information as can be seen in the case of the Nile Valley, where excavation is based on historical information (Larsen 120). This way, the race and typing of demographics, as well as classification of skeletons found denies archeology a chance to be objective. This is due to the bias of already having particulate information on skeletons making sure that the morphological differences are identified and used prior to making new findings, which is hardly ever the case. This is especially in making new findings considering that there is already existent information regarding these skeletons based on their morphology and composition, which include factors of race and other classifications. Objectivity is further influenced by the methods used in examination of skeletons, where the margin of error means a lot in collection of information, which is similar to the earlier mentioned case. As such, there are definite methods used in collection of data such as examination of bones, where based on initial findings, personal bias in a scientist can lead to the entire turning subjective. Evidence of this can be seen in the collection of data regarding osteoarthritis, which has been found in almost every place in the world, where the prevalence is deemed to be influenced by local circumstances. Historical data referring to the prevalence of osteoarthritis points to men being more affected than women, which is a potentially subjective perspective due to lack of information from all areas, despite the mention of it being â€Å"nearly universal† (Wright and Yoder 46). Another factor to put into consideration is the influence of culture and scientific research, as well as science on culture, where the two seem to create a challenge for bio archeology. This is then related to the concept of objectivity looking into how those relate to one another, especially considering that culture and history are central to research interests of bio archeologists. With this in mind, cultural perspectives serve as a central motivator towards the scientific methods and processes used in the formulation of hypotheses relating to archeological finds. As such, research being a scientific process, relies heavily on cultural; and social experiences in the formulation of hypotheses and researchers also look into their own knowledge prior to having archeological research done. This is enough ground to show that culture bears a bearing in scientific findings pertaining bio archeology, especially wit h the use of history and economic activities as has been seen with inclusion of agriculture in research to identify the circumstances surrounding archeological finds (Fleming 188). With this in min

Does the European Union have a final frontier Essay

Does the European Union have a final frontier - Essay Example Regionalization is used to describe the conglomeration of people, trade, and ideas in a group of countries with similar economies or cultures. It is often used in a trade or economic sense. Through regionalization, people have become connected economically, politically, socially, and culturally. Although regionalization can have a potentially negative impact, it has often resulted in economic growth as a result of rising profits from exporting goods and services to other countries. One of the leading examples in the world today of this phenomenon is the European Union. This economic, cultural, and political bloc of 27 countries is on the cutting edge of integration. Regionalization has done an incredible amount to increase business productivity and trade and make many people richer. One of the founding economic theorists of globalization is David Ricardo who focused on distributing income among landowners and workers. He also had a lot to say about wages and prices. One of his big contributions was the idea of comparative advantage which involves countries with different advantages trading with one another in free markets so that both maximize their benefits. This underpins much contemporary regionalization and trade theory. What one country can do well, it can often do better with the help of its neighbours. Thus we see the process unfolding in Europe and Southeast Asia. Regionalization is not simply about economics: it is also about the cultural and social shifts that accompany the reduction in tariff and the easing of travel, communication, and trade.

Advertising Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising Strategy - Assignment Example Advertising has grown and evolved into a complex form of communication with thousands of different methods of business to get a message to the consumer. The hotel can also come up with ways to advertise itself to the public through making of appropriate use of touchy images and portraits of the hotel in the newspapers, using of words and phrases that will attract customers to it. The advertisements can create the desire in the clients to want to be part of the hotel and the people enjoying the good things that the hotel has to offer. Some cave paintings can also come in handy when it comes to ensuring that the hotel is well advertised. The most effective advertising tactic is making an adoption of a single strategy that is clear and corresponding to the needs of the people around the hotel. The business financial resource is what needs to dictate the tactic of advertising. One can run public promotion across the town or make the advertisement on radio and television. For instance, a campaign can promote a product’s prices that are low while radio and television advertisement can promote services a and products that are of high quality. This will ensure that the tactic corresponds with the gain accrued from the sale of the same product or service. Another good tactic is ensuring that the target population has access to the advert and can be wooed towards joining the Ocho Rios fraternity. This can be measurable by the turn out in customers after the advert. Different adverts should have a diversified approach to prices and services offered in order to attract customers of all calibers. More so, the adverts should be content based rather than emphasizing on the prices. It should show the quality of services offered by the hotel and the serenity of the environment where it is located rather than making rounds on the pricing. Customers can pay any amount for services offered provided they enjoy and are

Patient case study with chief complaint cough Essay

Patient case study with chief complaint cough - Essay Example FAMILY HISTORY: Mother died at 84y/o (h/o HTN, Cataracts, RA, HF, Endometriosis), Father unknown age of death (h/o HF, HTN), Sister died at 48y/o from MI (h/o HTN, HF, smoker), Sister died at 54y/0 from HF (h/o HTN, HLD, HF, COPD, smoker), Brother died at 60y/o from lung CA (h/o HTN, Lung CA, smoker), Youngest Sister (h/o HTN). SOCIAL HISTORY: Ms. Simmons was married for 5yrs, divorced for 22yrs, lives home with 36y/o daughter. Completed high school, 3 daughters, 2 grandchildren, and works 40 hours per week. Active in church, attends twice a week and street witness (door to door) Jehovah witness, refuses blood transfusions. Has health insurance at current job. Reports single, last sexual intercourse 22yrs ago, practicing celibacy, heterosexual. Likes to go out to dinner with family and friends, reading, and watching movies. NUTRITION: (24 hour recall) Breakfast (today)-2donuts and white milk, Dinner-chicken salad sandwich, slice of cake, coke cola, Lunch-Chinese chicken w/egg roll, coke cola, 1 bottle water, Snack-chicken salad croissant, 1 decaf coffee, Breakfast (yesterday)-McDonald’s hash brown, sausage biscuit, orange juice. General: Ms. Simmons has pleasant mood, sitting in chair w/arms folded in front of body, AAOx3, NAD noted, no c/o pain at present. She is dressed appropriately, w/good hygiene, well developed, and well

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example The factors that contribute to climate change include volcanic eruptions, solar radiation variations on the planet earth and plate tectonics (Schneider et al, 98). This paper describes the roles that governments, businesses and their customers ought to play in ensuring the environment is conserved and the effects of climate change are reduced. The authorities should lead the efforts of conserving the environments by establishing appropriate pieces of legislation to monitor and control our daily activities and the wastes we produce (Pittock 53). Through the intervention of the government, issues like waste disposal may be regulated for the purposes of reducing the amount of pollution emitted to the environment and leaving it clean (Schneider et al, 105). They should lead environmental cleanup efforts by regulating the production of materials which are not recyclable. For instance, the governments around the globe should control the production and disposal of plastic bags since they do not easily decompose and cannot be recycled (Keijzers 145). The regulation of the effluents that come from factories should be put in place to avoid the pollution that they may cause on water masses, the air and soil. The pollution caused by wastes from factories is the major reason that the world’s climate is rapidly changing thereby bringing effects like global warming (Keijzers 143). In conserving their environments, governments should also lead environmental cleanup processes like the going green campaigns while advocating for the use recycle bins and bags that are reusable (Pittock 52). They should also lead efforts aimed at promoting the use of natural forms of energy like solar or wind that have minimal effects on the environment (Schneider et al, 112). By encouraging environmental cleanup and conservation efforts among their citizens, governments will have played a big role in ensuring emissions

Work on Bax's article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Work on Bax's article - Essay Example Bax also noticed the inconsistencies in the analysis of Warschauer as he does not give precise dates and a comprehensive list of his sources and this is actually true as Warschauer does his analysis with no clear-cut objective. Bax’s analysis is more useful as it gives a more accurate account on not only the history of CALL, but also gives us a fundamental understanding of it. Bax helps us to understand the reasons that some events took place in the history of CALL and gives us a glimpse into what could likely take place in the future with regards to Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Warshauer’s analysis show significant discrepancy in several publications and this is another factor that makes his analysis unreliable. Bax noted that Warschauer’s Structural CALL was formerly called Behaviouristic CALL (Bax 2003, p.15). The discrepancies in the dates of Warschauer’s analysis are also something that invalidates his work. Thus, Bax's analysis seem to be more useful than that of Warschauer as it corrects the anomalies noticed in the work of Warschauer and provides a more authentic account on Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). Bax’s analysis seem to be less confusing than that of Warchauer as it gives a solid and chronological account of the CALL software and this is another reason that the analysis of Bax is useful than that of Warcshauer.